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Grammatical commodity in English language

The () is a grammatical article in English language, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under give-and-take, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. The is the virtually frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts take found information technology to account for seven per centum of all printed English-language words.^[1] Information technology is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and at present has a single form used with pronouns of any gender.^[a] The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is dissimilar from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers.

Pronunciation

In well-nigh dialects, "the" is pronounced as /ðə/ (with the voiced dental fricative /ð/ followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant audio, and as /ðiː/ (homophone of pronoun thee) when followed past a vowel sound or used every bit an emphatic form.^[2]

Modern American and New Zealand English have an increasing tendency to limit usage of /ðiː/ pronunciation and use /ðə/, even before a vowel.^{[3] [four]}

Sometimes the word "the" is pronounced /ðiː/, with stress, to emphasise that something is unique: "he is the expert", not just "an" expert in a field.

Adverbial

Definite article principles in English are described nether "Apply of articles". The, as in phrases like "the more the improve", has a singled-out origin and etymology and by chance has evolved to be identical to the definite article.^[v]

Commodity

The and that are common developments from the same Old English arrangement. Former English had a definite article se (in the masculine gender), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Middle English, these had all merged into þe, the ancestor of the Modern English give-and-take the.^{[half dozen]}

Geographic usage

An area in which the use or non-use of the is sometimes problematic is with geographic names:

• notable natural landmarks – rivers, seas, mountain ranges, deserts, island groups (archipelagoes) and so on – are generally used with a "the" definite commodity (the Rhine, the North Sea, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides).
• continents, individual islands, administrative units and settlements mostly do not take a "the" article (Europe, Jura, Austria (but the Republic of Austria), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (merely the County of York), Madrid).
• commencement with a mutual noun followed by of may take the article, equally in the Isle of Wight or the Isle of Portland (compare Christmas Island), same applies to names of institutions: Cambridge University, but the University of Cambridge.
• Some place names include an article, such every bit the Bronx, The Oaks, The Stone, The Birches, The Harrow, The Rower, The Swan, The Valley, The Farrington, The Quarter, The Plains, The Dalles, The Forks, The Village, The Hamlet (NJ), The Hamlet (OK), The Villages, The Hamlet at Castle Pines, The Woodlands, The Pas, the Vatican, The Hyde, the West End, the East Terminate, The Hague, or the Urban center of London (merely London). Formerly e.g. Bath, Devizes or White Plains.^[7]
• generally described singular names, the North Island (New Zealand) or the West Country (England), take an commodity.

Countries and territorial regions are notably mixed, nearly exclude "the" but there are some that adhere to secondary rules:

• derivations from collective mutual nouns such as "kingdom", "republic", "spousal relationship", etc.: the Central African Republic, the Dominican Democracy, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United Arab Emirates, including most land full names:^{[viii] [ix]} the Czech Republic (only Czechia), the Russian federation (merely Russia), the Principality of Monaco (merely Monaco), the Country of Israel (but State of israel) and the Democracy of Australia (simply Australia).^{[10] [11] [12]}
• countries in a plural noun: the Netherlands, the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Philippines, the Union of the comoros, the Maldives, the Republic of seychelles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and The Bahamas.
• Atypical derivations from "island" or "country" that hold administrative rights – Greenland, England, Christmas Island and Norfolk Island – do not accept a "the" definite article.
• derivations from mountain ranges, rivers, deserts, etc., are sometimes used with an article, even for singular, (the Lebanon, the Sudan, the Yukon, the Congo).^[xiii] This usage is in decline, The Gambia remains recommended whereas use of the Argentine for Argentina is considered old-fashioned. Ukraine is occasionally referred to every bit the Ukraine, a usage that was common during the 20th century, merely this is considered incorrect and possibly offensive in mod usage.^[14] Sudan (but the Commonwealth of the Sudan) and Due south Sudan (merely the Commonwealth of South Sudan) are written present without the article.

Abbreviations

Since "the" is one of the most frequently used words in English, at various times brusque abbreviations for it take been found:

• Barred thorn: the earliest abridgement, it is used in manuscripts in the Sometime English language. It is the letter of the alphabet þ with a bold horizontal stroke through the ascender, and information technology represents the give-and-take þæt, meaning "the" or "that" (neuter nom. / acc.).
• þͤ and þͭ (þ with a superscript east or t) appear in Middle English manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
• yͤ and yͭ are adult from þͤ and þͭ and appear in Early Modern manuscripts and in impress (encounter Ye form).

Occasional proposals have been fabricated by individuals for an abbreviation. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their classic printers' handbook Typographical Printing-Surfaces, a proposal for a letter similar to Ħ to represent "Th", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe.^[15]

In Middle English, the (þe) was oft abbreviated as a þ with a pocket-sized e above information technology, similar to the abridgement for that, which was a þ with a small t above information technology. During the latter Middle English and Early on Modern English periods, the letter thorn (þ) in its common script, or cursive class, came to resemble a y shape. As a result, the apply of a y with an e above it () equally an abbreviation became common. This can notwithstanding be seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the King James Version of the Bible in places such every bit Romans 15:29, or in the Mayflower Compact. Historically, the article was never pronounced with a y sound, even when so written.

The word "The" itself, capitalised, is used as an abbreviation in Democracy countries for the honorific title "The Right Honourable", as in e.1000. "The Earl Mountbatten of Burma", short for "The Correct Honourable Earl Mountbatten of Burma", or "The Prince Charles".^[16]

References

1. ^ Norvig, Peter. "English Letter Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited".
2. ^ "the – definition". Merriam Webster Online Dictionary.
3. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010). A Course in Phonetics (sixth ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 110.
4. ^ Hay, Jennifer (2008). New Zealand English . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 44.
5. ^ "the, adv.1." OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2016. Web. 11 March 2016.
6. ^ "The and That Etymologies". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved 18 June 2015.
7. ^ "Why is it called The Hague?".
8. ^ "Countries: Designations and abbreviations to utilize".
9. ^ "FAO Country Profiles". www.fao.org.
10. ^ "Using 'the' with the Names of Countries".
11. ^ "List of Countries, Territories and Currencies".
12. ^ "UNGEGN World Geographical Names".
13. ^ Swan, Michael How English Works, p. 25
14. ^ Ukraine or "the Ukraine"? by Andrew Gregorovich, infoukes.com
15. ^ "Missed Opportunity for Ligatures".
16. ^ 'The Prefix "The"'. In Titles and Forms of Address, 21st ed., pp. viii–9. A & C Black, London, 2002.

Notes

1. ^ masculine, feminine, or neuter.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The

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